基于蒙特卡洛法的全寿命周期成本计算

以高速公路生命进程为序,以时间点为界,把公路全寿命分为3个阶段:建设前期阶段,建设阶段,建设后阶段;包括4种成本:首善成本、作业成本、服务成本,声誉成本。借助Excel软件建立基于蒙特卡罗法的全寿命周期总成本计算模型,使得决策者清楚明了在一定的概率下,项目全寿命周期要多少成本。     

区域可持续发展模式研究新解——绿色、循环、低碳三大模式的比较研究

对绿色经济、循环经济和低碳经济3种模式进行比较,时区域可持续发展内涵及模式展开研究,并提出了国家“十二五”时期促进区域可持续发展的相关建议。     

Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies.New emission factors reflecting local features were also used.The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs.The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models.Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China.The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion.Finally,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.     

Preliminary regional estimation of carbon sink flux by carbonate rock corrosion: A case study of the Pearl River Basin

The formation of carbonate rocks has had a dramatic sink effect on atmospheric CO2 throughout geological time.The wide global distribution of carbonate rocks and their strong sensitivity to climate change mean that carbonate rock corrosion consuming air/soil CO2 can play an important role in the global carbon cycle.The carbon sink accounts for 12.00%-35.29% of the missing carbon in the global carbon cycle.Using the Pearl River Basin as a case study,we analyzed comprehensively the factors impacting karstific...     

The effects of the guide field on the structures of electron density depletions in collisionless magnetic reconnection

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to investigate the formation of electron density depletions in collisionless magnetic reconnection.In anti-parallel reconnection,the quadrupole structures of the out-of-plane magnetic field are formed,and four symmetric electron density depletion layers can be found along the separatrices due to the effects of magetic mirror.With the increase of the initial guide field,the symmetry of both the out-of-plane magnetic field and electron density depletion layers is distorted.When the initial guide field is sufficiently large,the electron density depletion layers along the lower left and upper right separatrices disappear.The parallel electric field in guide field reconnection is found to play an important role in forming such structures of the electron density depletion layers.The structures of the out-of-plane magnetic field By and electron depletion layers in anti-parallel and guide field reconnection are found to be related to electron flow or in-plane currents in the separatrix regions.In anti-parallel reconnection,electrons flow towards the X line along the separatrices,and are directed away from the X line along the magnetic field lines just inside the separatrices.In guide field reconnection,electrons can only flow towards the X line along the upper left and lower right separatrices due to the existence of the parallel electric field in these regions.     

Angular dependent NEXAFS study of the molecular orientation of PTCDA multilayers on Au （111） surface

The molecular orientation of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) multilayers adsorbed on Au (111) surface has been investigated using angular dependent O K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The significant angular dependence of important resonant structures (π* and σ*) reveals that PTCDA molecules adopt an ordered geometry on the substrate surface. The average tilt angle of the PTCDA molecular planes is 27°±10° from the Au (111) surface.     

Operational properties and matrix representations of quantum measures

Denoted by M(A), QM(A) and SQM(A) the sets of all measures, quantum measures and subadditive quantum measures on a σ-algebra A, respectively. We observe that these sets are all positive cones in the real vector space F(A) of all real-valued functions on A and prove that M(A) is a face of SQM(A). It is proved that the product of m grade-1 measures is a grade-m measure. By combining a matrix M _μ to a quantum measure μ on the power set A _n of an n-element set X, it is proved that μ ≪ ν (resp. μ ⊥ ν) if and only if M _μ ≪ M _ν (resp. M _μ M _ν =0). Also, it is shown that two nontrivial measures μ and ν are mutually absolutely continuous if and only if μ·ν∈QM(A _n ). Moreover, the matrices corresponding to quantum measures are characterized. Finally, convergence of a sequence of quantum measures on A _n is introduced and discussed; especially, the Vitali-Hahn-Saks theorem for quantum measures is proved.     

辉钼矿电氧化浸出液中Mo(Ⅵ)和Re(Ⅶ)的萃取

电氧化浸出辉钼矿技术具有浸出过程条件温和、金属回收率高、环境友好等特点,是一种很有应用前景的辉钼矿湿法分解新工艺,其中Mo(Ⅵ)和Re(Ⅶ)的萃取分离是该工艺的关键.文中以30%N235+20%仲辛醇+50%煤油为萃取剂,在萃取温度为室温、酸度为59g/L HCl、相比(W/O)为1:2时,Mo(Ⅵ)、Re(Ⅶ)单级萃...     

一种改进的车辆跟驰动力学模型

针对现有跟驰模型存在的不足,文中提出了一种新的优化速度(期望速度)函数,基于“刺激—反应”模式建立了改进的车辆跟驰动力学模型,并运用李亚普诺夫运动稳定性理论对其进行了稳定性分析.最后运用实测数据对模型进行了参数标定和应用性验证.结果表明:改进模型在模拟交通流的启动加速、近似匀速和减速过程方面与实测数据都具有较高的一致性...     

压铸充型过程的SPH方法建模及数值模拟

基于欧拉描述的数值方法在求解压铸充型过程自由表面问题时存在一定困难.为提高自由表面数值模拟的准确性,建立了基于纯拉格朗日描述的压铸充型过程光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法计算程序.引入Monaghan边界模型建立了型腔壁面边界条件,通过划分入流区域粒子和流体粒子满足了入流边界条件.采用所编制的程序计算了Schmid验证...